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Organizational memory

Organizational memory is the accumulated volume of data, information and knowledge created in the process of individual organizations existence. Organizational memory includes components of knowledge acquisition, knowledge information processing, ...

Original equipment manufacturer

Original equipment manufacturer is a company which manufactures parts and equipment which can be implemented at a different manufacturer. For example, Foxconn is a Taiwanese electronics company, manufactures parts and equipment for manufacturers ...

Overhead (business)

In business, overhead or overhead costs are permanent costs of doing business. Overhead costs are costs that cannot be easily traced or identified with any particular unit costs, unlike operating costs, such as raw materials and labor. Therefore, ...

Overtrading

Overtrading is a term in financial statement analysis. Overtrading often occurs when companies expand too fast for their own operations.Finance Wales: "a practical guide to managing cash flows", page 28. SIMA, 2004 verified 2010-11-10 Overtraded ...

Owner earnings

Owner earnings is a valuation method in detail Warren Buffett in the annual report of Berkshire Hathaway in 1986. He said that the companys value is the sum of net cash flows expected to occur within the life business, net of reinvestment of inco ...

Owner-controlled insurance program

Owner controlled insurance program insurance policy held by the property owner during the construction or repair of real estate, typically designed to cover virtually all liability and losses resulting from the construction project. Although OCIP ...

Pac-Man defense

PAC-man defense is a defensive business strategy used to prevent a hostile takeover in which a company threatened by a hostile takeover "turns the tables" by trying to purchase it the buyer. The name refers to the PAC-man video game in which the ...

Parent company

The parent company is a company that owns enough voting shares in another company to control and operate, influencing or electing its Board of Directors. Companies that operate within this control are subsidiaries of the parent company.

Pareto priority index

The priority of the Pareto index, named so because of its connection with the Pareto principle, which, in turn, named after economist Vilfredo Pareto, can be used to determine the priority of various projects. It is especially used in the environ ...

Patent holding company

Patent holding company exists for patents on behalf of one or more other companies but does not necessarily manufacture products or services based on held patents. Patent holding companies may exist for tax reasons. Patent holding companies can a ...

Patent map

A patent map is a graphical model of patent visualization. This practice "enables companies to identify patents in a particular technology space, verify the characteristics of these patents as well. to determine the relationship between them, to ...

Patent pool

In patent law, a patent pool is a consortium, at least two companies agreed to cross-licensing of patents related to a particular technology. The creation of a patent pool can save patentees and licensees time and money, and, in the case of block ...

Pay to fly

To pay to fly or pay to work is a practice in the aviation industry, in which a professional pilot flies a plane for a profitable commercial operation paying for it. Typical clients include, but are not limited to inexperienced pilots and low hou ...

Payment

Payment trade value from one party to another for goods or services, or to meet legal obligations. Payment can take a large variety of shapes. Barter, the exchange of one product or service to another, is a form of payment. The most common means ...

PDX (IPC-257X)

PDX is a standard product data exchange for manufacturing. PDX is a multi-part standard, represented by the IPC 2570 series of specifications. PDX files are text files in XML format XML. PDX files can be used to describe: Approved lists manufactu ...

Pension parachute

Pension parachute is a form of poison pill that prevents the raiding firm of a hostile takeover with use of pension assets to Finance the acquisition. When the target firm is threatened by the acquirer, the pension plan assets available only in t ...

Perpetual succession

In law firms, succession is a continuation of a corporations or other organizations existence despite the death, bankruptcy, insanity, change in membership or going out of business any owner or member, or any transfer of shares etc. Succession, a ...

Personal selling

Personal selling occurs when a sales representative meets with a potential client to commit a sale. Many sales representatives rely on a consistent sales process, which typically involves nine steps. Some representatives to develop scripts for al ...

Physical restructuring

Manufacturers often refer to their plant transfer, consolidation and closure activities as physical restructuring. This can be done by moving products or services abroad, a process known as offshoring. Such projects began in the United States dur ...

Pick and pack

PIGS (economics)

Pigs is a ridiculous acronym used in the UK economy, and Finance. Pigs initially means a reduction, often pejorative, for the economy of the southern European countries Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain. During the European debt crisis of the PII ...

Pink money

Pink money describes the purchasing power of the LGBT community, often, especially in relation to political donations. With the rise of the gay rights movement, pink money is spent from the fringe or marginalized market to a thriving industry in ...

Planned change

One of the fundamental definitions in the field of organizational development is planned change: According Beckard determines that" the development of the organization is a planned effort, organization, and control from above, to improve the effi ...

Planning horizon

The planning horizon is the period during which the organization will look like in the future when preparing a strategic plan. Many commercial companies use a five year planning horizon, however, the total planning horizon of approximately one ye ...

Point-of-value

Point-the value of the division or specialist area of the company, which includes production, savings and reinvestment. It can be replacement quality or lack of it, in the product, service, or organization. All that cash has a high productive val ...

Political risk

Political risk is a type of risks can be faced by investors, corporations and governments, which are political decisions, events or circumstances significantly affect the profitability of the business actor or the expected value of a given econom ...

Postponement

Postponement is a business strategy that maximizes possible benefit and minimizes risk due to delay further investments in a product or service until the very last moment. An example of this strategy is the Dell computer in online store. One of t ...

Pre-determined overhead rate

Pre-determined overhead rate-the rate used to apply manufacturing overhead to work-in-process inventory. Pre-determined overhead factor is calculated before the period begins. The first step is to evaluate the amount of basic activities that will ...

Pre-qualification (lending)

Pre-qualification is the process by which the credit inspector receives from borrower and makes tentative assessment of how a credit institution willing to lend them.

Pre-start-up audit

Pre-audit or pre-inspection is part of the planning process for projects in which the safety and functionality of the process is checked to verify that all systems must work as expected, and the potential risks can be overcome. This process is ty ...

Preferred partnership

Preferred partner agreement normally refers to the agreement between the supplier and those who are allowed to sell their products. In accordance with this agreement there are normally some prerequisites that the partner must meet to become a pre ...

Preparation (principle)

Preparation is the principle of governance in which people be prepared to obtain a final product for a successful operation. Preparation means "a substance especially prepared". Production preparation and readiness for a future event as a goal an ...

President's Quality Award (US)

Presidential award For outstanding achievement of Management Presidents quality award is the highest honor awarded to Executive authorities to improve management efficiency. The award was established in 1988 for recognition of excellence in the f ...

Price analysis

In marketing, price analysis refers to the analysis of consumer reaction to prices in the theoretical study. In General business, price analysis is the process of studying and evaluating proposed price without evaluating separate cost elements an ...

Price umbrella

A Price umbrella, also known as the umbrella effect, pricing effect often created the dominant company, in which competing firms can find buyers as long as they set their prices at or below the level of the dominant. This may not apply if a compe ...

Price-weighted index

A price-weighted index is a stock market index where each component contributes only a small fraction of the index proportional to its components, the value will be Adjustment factor= index specific constant "z" / number of shares*adjusted market ...

Process risk

Process risk is considered a sub-component of operational risk. It exists when a process that supports business activity lacks efficiency and effectiveness, which can lead to financial support, and loss of reputation. This kind of risk may be pre ...

Procurement

Procurement is the process of finding and agree to the terms of use and the acquisition of goods, services or works from an external source, often via tenders or bidding. Procurement generally involves making buying decisions under conditions of ...

Product (business)

In marketing a product is an object or system for household use, is all that can be offered on the market to meet the desires or needs of the client. In retailing, products are often referred to as the goods, and in manufacturing, products are pu ...

Product churning

The whisking of the product is the business practice whereby more of the product than is advantageous to the consumer. An example is a stockbroker who buys and sells securities in the portfolio more often than is necessary, in order to receive co ...

Product life-cycle management (marketing)

Management of product lifecycle is the continuity strategy of business management as a product goes through its life cycle. The conditions in which the product is sold changes over time and must be managed as it moves through a sequence of stages.

Product strategy

Product strategy defines what your product needs to achieve and how that supports the organization, and brought to life through the product road map. This strategy describes end-to-end vision of the product, information about the implementation o ...

Product support

Product support is a service provided by many suppliers of various products, primarily electronics, that provides the end user with a resource for information about the product, and help in case of malfunction. Product and support information can ...

Professional network service

Professional network service-a type of social network that is focused solely on interactions and relationships of a business nature, but not including personal, interaction non-profit organizations. Professional network service used by business p ...

Profit pools

Profit pools model strategies that can be used to help managers or companies focus on profits, not on revenue growth. The method was conceived by Orit Gadiesh and James L. Gilbert, consultants at Bain & co. presents the following definition: "the ...

Profiteering (business)

Business owners may be accused of profiteering when they raise prices during emergencies, especially military. The term is also applied to businesses that play on political corruption for the purpose of receiving public contracts. Some types of i ...

Programmatic Commerce

Software manufacturing is the phenomenon when consumers and businesses allow purchasing decisions to be made on their behalf, connected devices based on programmed parameters and learned preferences. This was due to the advent of the Internet of ...

Programming station

Station programming terminal or computer that allows the operator to control the machine remotely and is not in the factory or in the shop. Station programming usually provides all of the functionality, including management and diagnostics, which ...

Project delivery assurance

The business term project delivery assurance describes a methodology employed in construction or development projects to monitor the project process to provide a clear indication of the status of that project at any given time. The purpose of a P ...

Projector (business)

The projector in a business context-is the person who promotes the project or scheme to combine public good and private benefit. This term came into use in the sixteenth century in England, and remained a popular language until the nineteenth cen ...

Promoter (entertainment)

Entertainment promoter works in the entertainment industry including music and sports, as individuals or organizations in the business of marketing and promotion video, or pay-per-view and similar events, such as concerts / gigs, sports events, f ...

Prompt payment

Timely payment is a commercial discipline that requires businesses to: To ensure vendor invoices are approved and paid within agreed terms. To encourage the adoption of such practices throughout their supply chain. Agree a fair and reasonable pay ...

Proxy fight

Fight, proxy contest or proxy battle, sometimes also called a proxy war is a hostile contest for control over the organization. The event usually occurs when the shareholders of the Corporation for the development of opposition to certain aspects ...

Psychological pricing

Psychological pricing-a pricing and marketing strategy, based on the theory that certain prices have a psychological impact. Retail prices are often expressed as "odd prices": a little less than round number, for example.g.99 or £2.98. There is e ...

Public accommodations in the United States

Public use, in US law, generally defined as objects, both public and private, used by the population. Examples include retail stores, rental businesses and institutions, maintenance, and educational institutions, entertainment and service centers ...

Purchasing card

The purchase card is a payment card company that allows goods and services to be procured without using a traditional purchasing process. In the UK, purchase cards, generally referred to card purchases. Purchase cards are usually issued to worker ...

Quality filter mapping

The display quality of the filter is part of a set of tools mapping the value stream and is used to analyse processes / functions in the field of quality. The results of the qualitative filter the map shows how much waste is created in the organi ...

Quality function deployment

Deployment of the quality function is a method developed in Japan in 1966, to help transform the voice of the customer into engineering characteristics of a product. Yoji Akao, the original developer described QFD as a "method transform qualitati ...

Quality investing

Quality of investment is an investment strategy based on clearly defined fundamental criteria that aims to identify companies with outstanding quality characteristics. Quality assessment is based on soft and hard criteria. Quality investing suppo ...

Quarter-to-date

Quarter means the period starting at the beginning of the current quarter and ending with the current date. Quarter-to-date is used in many contexts, mainly for recording results of activities in time between the date and the beginning of the cal ...

Quick response manufacturing

Quick response manufacturing is an approach to production that emphasizes the positive effect of reducing internal and external time.

Radius clause

The radius of the proposal is the shape of the Treaty on the non-compete is used in the live music industry in which a tour promoter provided that the contractor, within a certain period of time before or after the concert or festival should not ...

Rainmaker (business)

In business, a shaman is a person who brings in new business and wins new accounts almost by magic, as it is often not obvious how this new business activity is connected. It means generating substantial new business or additional income from sou ...

Ramp-up

Ramp is a term used in Economics and business to describe an increase in the production of the company to the anticipated increase in demand for the products. In addition, capacity-describes the period from the completion of the first phase of pr ...

RAQSCI

Model RAQSCI is mnemonica summary the business model used to define and structure business requirements. Elements are arranged in order of importance, RAQSCI means: The cost or commercial. Quality. (Качество) Services. (Услуги) Assurance of suppl ...

Rate contract

The contract rates or agreement which is a strategy for reducing the cost of procurement aimed at standardizing procurement prices of frequently purchased uniform and price of various materials.

Reconstruction (law)

The reconstruction law is a shift of business into a new company. Old company be put into liquidation, the shareholders agree to take shares of equivalent value in the new company. In the UK legislation of the company, provisions governing the in ...

Related party transaction

In business, the transaction with interest is a transaction that occurs between two parties that have an existing connection to the transaction. An example of how the dominant shareholder can use one of their companies trading on the other at com ...

Relational view

In management, the relational view by Jeffrey H. Dyer and Harbir Singh is a theory considering networks and dyads of firms as the unit of analysis to explain relational rents, i.e. all of the individual results of the company created in that netw ...

Rent-to-own

Rent-to-own, also known as rent-to-own or rent-on-buy, this is the type that is documented transaction under which tangible property, such as furniture, consumer electronics, automobiles, appliances, real estate, wedding rings, in exchange for re ...

Request for association

A Union query or a request for cooperation, also called, although less likely to apply for a partnership, the partners request or the request of the Alliance, it is a commercial document issued by a party which requires enterprises from the other ...

Request for solution

A request for the decision of the RFU, also known as query to the proposed solution is a commercial document which describes the technological and organizational situation and requires the solution of possible suppliers of that decision. This doc ...

Responsibility assignment matrix

The matrix of distribution of powers, also known as RACI matrix or linear responsibility chart, describes the participation of various roles in completing tasks or results for a project or business process. The RACI is an acronym derived from the ...

Responsible entity

Responsible person-a purely Australian invention designed to replace the Manager / Trustee in managed investment schemes. It was created by the managed investment act 1998, which made significant changes to the prescribed interest provisions cont ...

Revenue sharing

Income distribution is the distribution of income, i.e. total proceeds from the sale of goods and services between stakeholders or participants. It should not be confused with a share of profits, in which diagram only the profit is shared, i.e., ...

Revenue stream

Income is the source of income of the enterprise or organization. In business, revenue typically consists of recurring revenue, focused on profits, revenues, or tax service. In government, the term stream of income often refers to different types ...

RevPAR

In RevPAR, or revenue per room is a performance metric in the hotel industry which is calculated by dividing total room revenues from the hotels the number of rooms and the number of days in the measurement period. However, if it is used to calcu ...

Robber baron (industrialist)

"Robber Baron" is a pejorative metaphor for social criticism originally applied to certain late 19th-century American businessmen who were accused of using unscrupulous methods to get rich, or to expand their wealth. The term based on analogy wit ...

Rolled throughput yield

Rolled-throughput yield is the probability that a process with more than one step will produce free block defect. It is a product of yields for each stage of the process. For any process, it is ideal for this process to produce its product withou ...

Safe harbor (commerce)

In the context of commercial takeovers, safe harbors function as a form of repellent for repelling sharks to stop hostile takeovers. In the framework of the implementation of this provision, the objectives of the company will acquire a troublesom ...

Safety stock

Safety stock is a term used by logisticians to describe a level of extra stock maintained to mitigate risk caused by uncertainty in demand and supply. Adequate safety margins permit business operations to act according to their plans. Stock is he ...

Sales management

Sales management is business discipline which is focused on the practical application of sales techniques and the management of the firm sales transactions. This is an important business function as net sales through the sale of goods and service ...

Sales Territory

Sales activity is a set of business activities and processes that help a sales organization to perform efficiently and to support business strategies and goals. The sales transaction can also be referred to as sales support and business operation ...

Sales quota

Sales territory

Sales territory-its a support group or geographic district for which an individual salesperson or sales team is responsible. Territories can be defined on the basis of geography, sales potential, history, or a combination of factors. Companies st ...

Sales Territory

Scheduling (production processes)

The planning process of the organization, control and optimization of the work and load in the production process or the production process. Planning is used to allocate equipment and machinery resources, plan human resources, plan production pro ...

Scheme of arrangement

Layout of a court-approved agreement between a company and its shareholders or creditors. This could affect mergers and acquisitions and may alter shareholder or creditor rights. Schemes of arrangement are used to execute arbitrary changes in the ...

Second product syndrome

The syndrome of the second product is a business concept introduced by Steve jobs in the documentary the Pixar Story. Steve jobs describes the concept of when a company comes up with a very successful first product, becoming more ambitious and co ...

Second-party source

Secret ingredient

The secret ingredient is a component of a product that is carefully guarded from disclosure for competitive advantage. Sometimes the ingredient makes a noticeable difference in how the product performs, looks or tastes; in other cases it is used ...

Secured loan

A secured loan is a loan in which the borrower pledges some assets as collateral for the loan, which then becomes a secured debt owed to the creditor who gives the loan. Therefore, the debt is secured by collateral, if the borrower, the creditor ...

Selection in planning

Selection in planning also known as SIP is a method of selection used to determine suitable vendors and contractors and the alternative of choice through the bidding. SIP gained momentum in those environments where customer requirements are subje ...

Self-service

Self service is the practice of serving yourself, as a rule, when shopping. In addition to ATMs that are not just for banks and clients-a supermarket check-out, labor-saving, which has been described as a separate source, there is a subset, selfs ...

Sensitivity analysis

The sensitivity analysis is the study of how uncertainty in the output of a mathematical model or system can be separated and allocated to different sources of uncertainty of input data. A related practice is uncertainty analysis, which has a gre ...

Service network

Network service is a structure that brings together several legal entities to provide specific Services. For example, one organization may sub-contract another organisation to deliver after the sale to a third party. The buyer may use more than o ...

Service provider

The service provider provides organizations with consulting, legal, real estate, communications, storage, processing. Although the provider may be an organizational unit is typically a third party vendor or outsourcing, including service provider ...

Serviceable available market

Good market or target market more clearly defined as the ability of a market that exists within the firms existing core competencies and / or past experience. Most attention in the calculation of the Sam, that the firm is likely only service the ...

Servicescape

The service is a model developed by booms and Bitner to emphasize the impact of the physical environment in which the service process. The purpose of the servicescapes model to explain the behavior of people within the service environment to deve ...

Shared leadership

Shared leadership is a leadership style that widely distributes the management responsibility, such that people in the team and organization lead each other. He is often compared to horizontal leadership, distributed leadership and collective lea ...

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