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Thrombotic storm

Blood clots are a relatively common occurrence in the general population and are seen in approximately 1-2% of the population by age 60. Typically blood clots develop in the deep veins of the lower extremities, deep vein thrombosis or as a blood ...

Varices

A varix is an abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course. Varices usually occur in the venous system, but may also occur in arterial or lymphatic vessels. Examples of varices include: Vesical varices, varicose veins associated with the urin ...

Carotid stenting

Carotid artery stenting is an endovascular procedure where a stent is deployed within the lumen of the carotid artery to treat narrowing of the carotid artery and decrease the risk of stroke. CAS is used to treat narrowing of the carotid artery i ...

Distal splenorenal shunt procedure

In medicine, a distal splenorenal shunt procedure, also splenorenal shunt procedure and Warren shunt, is a surgical procedure in which the distal splenic vein is attached to the left renal vein. It is used to treat portal hypertension and its mai ...

Revision using distal inflow

Revision Using Distal Inflow is a surgical treatment for Dialysis-associated Steal Syndrome. RUDI was first proposed by David J. Minion and colleagues in 2005. In the procedure, the fistula is ligated at a location slightly proximal to the anasto ...

Sclerotherapy

Sclerotherapy is a procedure used to treat blood vessels or blood vessel malformations and also those of the lymphatic system. A medicine is injected into the vessels, which makes them shrink. It is used for children and young adults with vascula ...

Venous cutdown

Venous cutdown is an emergency procedure in which the vein is exposed surgically and then a cannula is inserted into the vein under direct vision. It is used to get vascular access in trauma and hypovolemic shock patients when peripheral cannulat ...

Accessory hemiazygos vein

The accessory hemiazygos vein, also called the superior hemiazygous vein is a vein on the left side of the vertebral column that generally drains the fourth through eighth intercostal spaces on the left side of the body.

Anterior spinal veins

There are two major components to venous draining: the intrinsic vessels which drain first, and the pial veins which drain second. Within the intrinsic vessels are a group of veins known as central veins. These are organized into individual comb- ...

Azygos vein

The azygos vein is a vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for bloo ...

Coronary sinus

The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle. It delivers less-oxygenated blood to the right atrium, as do the superior and inferior venae cavae. It is present in all ...

Hepatic veins

The hepatic veins are the veins that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava. There are usually three upper hepatic veins draining from the left, middle, and right parts of the liver. These are larger than the group o ...

Inferior mesenteric vein

In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric vein is a blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine. It usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein. Anatomical ...

Inferior vena cava

The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. Its walls are rigid and it has valves so the blood does not flow down via gravity. It is formed by the j ...

Portal vein

The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. This blood contains nutrients and toxins extracted from digested contents. Approximately 7 ...

Renal vein

It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition "multiple renal veins". In some people the left renal vein passes behind the abdominal aorta instead of in front of it, this is termed a retroaortic left renal vein, which is also kno ...

Splenic vein

The splenic vein is a blood vessel that drains blood from the spleen, the stomach fundus and part of the pancreas. It is part of the hepatic portal system.

Subclavian vein

The subclavian vein is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body, that is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities, allowing this blood to return to the heart. The left subclavian vein plays a key role in the absorption ...

Superior mesenteric vein

The superior mesenteric vein is a blood vessel that drains blood from the small intestine. At its termination behind the neck of the pancreas, the superior mesenteric vein combines with the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein. The superi ...

Superior vena cava

The superior vena cava is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large-diameter short length vein that receives venous re ...

Aortic valve repair

Aortic valve repair or aortic valve reconstruction is the reconstruction of both form and function of the native and dysfunctioning aortic valve. Most frequently it is applied for the treatment of aortic regurgitation. It can also become necessar ...

Arterial switch operation

Arterial switch operation or arterial switch, is an open heart surgical procedure used to correct dextro-transposition of the great arteries ; its development was pioneered by Canadian cardiac surgeon William Mustard and it was named for Brazilia ...

Cardioplegia

The word cardioplegia combines the Greek cardio meaning the "heart", and plegia "paralysis". Technically, this means arresting or stopping the heart so that surgical procedures can be done in a still and bloodless field. Most commonly, however, t ...

Commissurotomy

A commissurotomy is a surgical incision of a commissure in the body, as one made in the heart at the edges of the commissure formed by cardiac valves, or one made in the brain to treat certain psychiatric disorders. Patients with scleroderma, a d ...

Coronary artery bypass surgery

Coronary artery bypass surgery, also known as coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery, is a surgical procedure to restore normal blood flow to an obstructed coronary artery. A normal coronary artery t ...

Dor procedure

The Dor procedure is a medical technique used as part of heart surgery and originally introduced by the French cardiac surgeon Vincent Dor. It is also known as endoventricular circular patch plasty. In 1985, Dor introduced EVCPP as a viable metho ...

Endoscopic vessel harvesting

Endoscopic vessel harvesting is a surgical technique that may be used in conjunction with coronary artery bypass surgery. For patients with coronary artery disease, a physician may recommend a bypass to reroute blood around blocked arteries to re ...

Heart valve repair

Heart valve repair is a surgical technique used to fix defects in heart valves in valvular heart diseases, and provides an alternative to valve replacement. Without further specification, it refers to native heart valve repair, rather than repair ...

LeCompte maneuver

The LeCompte maneuver is a technique used in open heart surgery, primarily on infants and children. The maneuver entails cutting the main pulmonary artery and moving it anterior to the aorta before reattaching the pulmonary artery during the foll ...

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery, also known as MICS CABG or the McGinn technique is heart surgery performed through several small incisions instead of the traditional open-heart surgery that requires a median sternotomy approach. MICS CABG is ...

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery

Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass is a surgical treatment for coronary heart disease that is a less invasive method of coronary artery bypass surgery. MIDCAB gains surgical access to the heart with a smaller incision than other typ ...

Mitral valve repair

Mitral valve repair is a cardiac surgery procedure performed by cardiac surgeons to treat stenosis or regurgitation of the mitral valve. The mitral valve is the "inflow valve" for the left side of the heart. Blood flows from the lungs, where it p ...

Mitral valve replacement

Mitral valve replacement is a procedure whereby the diseased mitral valve of a patients heart is replaced by either a mechanical or tissue valve. The mitral valve may need to be replaced because: The valve is leaky mitral valve regurgitation The ...

Mustard procedure

The Mustard procedure was developed in 1963 by Dr. William Mustard at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Mustard, with support from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, developed an alternative and simplified te ...

Off-pump coronary artery bypass

Off-pump coronary artery bypass or "beating heart" surgery is a form of coronary artery bypass graft surgery performed without cardiopulmonary bypass as a treatment for coronary heart disease. It was primarily developed in the early 1990s by Dr. ...

Open aortic surgery

Open aortic surgery, also known as open aortic repair, describes a technique whereby an abdominal or retroperitoneal surgical incision is used to visualize and control the aorta for purposes of treatment. OAS is used to treat aneurysms of the abd ...

Pericardial heart valves

The pericardial heart valve was invented by Marian Ionescu, a British surgeon working at the General Infirmary in Leeds, England. He created this artificial bioprosthetic heart valve as a three-cusp structure made of chemically treated bovine per ...

Pulmonary artery banding

Pulmonary Artery Banding was introduced by Muller and Danimann in 1951 as a surgical technique to reduce excessive pulmonary blood flow in infants suffering from congenital heart defects. PAB is a palliative operation as it does not correct the p ...

Retrograde autologous priming

Retrograde autologous priming is a means to effectively and safely restrict the hemodilution caused by the direct homologous blood transfusion and reduce the blood transfusion requirements during cardiac surgery. It is also generally considered a ...

Ross procedure

The Ross-Yacoub procedure is a cardiac surgery operation where a diseased aortic valve is replaced with the persons own pulmonary valve. A pulmonary allograft is then used to replace the patients own pulmonary valve. Pulmonary autograft replaceme ...

Senning procedure

The Senning procedure is an atrial switch heart operation performed to treat transposition of the great arteries. It is named after its inventor, the Swedish cardiac surgeon Åke Senning, also known for implanting the first permanent cardiac pacem ...

Septal myectomy

Septal myectomy is a cardiac surgery treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The open-heart surgery entails removing a portion of the septum that is obstructing the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. Septal myectomies have bee ...

Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass surgery

Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery is an entirely endoscopic robotic surgery used to treat coronary heart disease, developed in the late 1990s. It is an advanced form of Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, which allo ...

Valve replacement

Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis. It is an alternative to valve repair.

Alcohol septal ablation

Alcohol septal ablation is a percutaneous, minimally invasive treatment performed by an interventional cardiologist to relieve symptoms and improve functional status in severely symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who meet stric ...

Destination therapy

Destination therapy is a therapy that is final rather than being a transitional stage until another therapy - thus, in transportation metaphor, a destination in itself rather than merely a bridge or road to the destination. The term usually refer ...

Interventional cardiology

Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Andreas Gruentzig is considered the father of interventional cardiology after the development of angioplas ...

Left atrial enlargement

Left atrial enlargement can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of the underlying condition. Although other factors may contribute, left atrium size has been found to be a predictor of mortality due to both cardiovascular issues a ...

Left ventricular hypertrophy

While ventricular hypertrophy occurs naturally as a reaction to aerobic exercise and strength training, it is most frequently referred to as a pathological reaction to cardiovascular disease, or high blood pressure. It is one aspect of ventricula ...

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle. Early on there may be few or no symptoms. As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. An ir ...